The Tale of Genji

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Works Cited Introduction ‘The Tale of Genji’ is an ancient Japanese literature work written by Murasaki Shikibu. The story line is a clear indicator of an aristocratic society that has its members falling in love with classiness. It displays the individuals as models of elegance and culture. It talks about Genji, the son of one emperor who had reigned from his middle age and climbed up the ladder of influence and rank (Shikibu Murasaki 7).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Genji specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While reviewing ‘The Tale of Genji’, one main theme that emerges is the theme of love and interaction between men and women. This theme is an illustration of how relationships at the emperor’s court (in Japan) were working nealry a thousand years ago. Within the story, there are various instances of romantic interactions with women from different ranks and appearances. This paper explores the different instances where the theme of love, lust and interactions of opposing sexes as they appear in the book. Discussion In attaining both emotional and physical maturity, Genji would spend time composing poems in order to show his affection for women. However, most of the women that he interacted with were aware that no serious form of relationship would occur between them and Genji. On the other hand, they would at times admit that they also had love feeling for him. His affairs were dynamic in that he slept with women from in and out of the court. For an individual of his rank, his sexual habits were scandalous and would therefore opt to keep it secret. In the book, Genji falls in love with even women who come from a lower rank. This heavily disappoints the grand ladies at the court. Despite the ladies’ beauty and class, Genji strives to keep it a secret. The secret however are consta ntly disclosed and every person at the court becomes aware that the emperor loves a certain lady at the different scenarios. The end result is that the royal co-wives from the higher social station become frustrated and frequently speak against the emperor’s new love. With time, the new ladies’ continue to move out with the emperor and give birth of Genji’s children (Shikibu Murasaki 17-32). In chapter two of the book, Genji and his wife live in Sanjo at the house of his father- in law. Despite having a wife, Genji frequently strays away from her to have affairs with other women. Despite his wife’s unhappiness about the promiscuity at the court, he continues to explore the world of women.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Genji constantly sleeps with new women and spares very little time for Sanjo. In his friendship with To no Chujo, the Rightâ₠¬â„¢s Minister, the author displays the two discussing about exceptional qualities of an excellent woman. This is an indicator of how the two individuals are obsessed with women as depicted in the Tale of Genji. They continue to talk at length about their past relationships with women. This shows that they had an inherent habit and obsession for women (Shikibu Murasaki 17-32). As the chapters in the book progress, Genji’s obsession with women is further shown when he visits Koremistu, his former nurse in his growing up, who at this point is a nun. At this juncture, Genji is after seeing Yugao, the lady who stays around the nunnery. In her efforts to reach Yugao, Genji comments about her writing in order to seduce her but he does not succeed. Within no time, Genji enters into a romantic relationship with another lady who lives in Rokujo. After little resistance, he finally manages to sleep with her. Despite sleeping with Rokujo, Genji realizes that sleeping with her to fulfill his sexual desires does make him colder (Shikibu Murasaki 34-65). When Genji falls ill with malaria, he is advised to seek cure from a sage at the mountains where he too soon sees Murasaki. This beautiful young girl is only ten years. Despite her tender age Genji falls in love with her and is determined to make her his wife upon her becoming a woman. In this regard, he speaks to the bishop at the local nunnery about taking her for a daughter, but his intentions were to make her his wife. After a while his family gives in to the emperor’s son decision although with difficulties. Finally, the innocent girl gets into the hidden trap of Genji. Although nobody is aware of what was happening at Nijo, rumors went round about the presence of Murasaki. Additionally, the theme is furthered by the fact that Left’s Minister does nothing to stop Genji’s treatment towards his daughter. This is an illustration of how the society was immoral and disrespectful towards marriages and sexuality (Shikibu Murasaki 98-118). At the Cherry Blossoms’ festival, Genji gets back to his room where he is outdone with loneliness. However, critiques may question as to why he could only find companionship in women and not in men around the palace, as most readers would argue that this is because he only wanted women with whom he would o to bed with.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Genji specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Searching around the palace, he finally comes across an open door where he takes the lady to his room. The author says that he makes love to Oborozukiyo till dawn. This is the highest level of promiscuity as indicated in the book. This is because Genji is sleeping around with women to satisfy his sexual desires without even having to learn about them. From this instance it is clear that Genji’s sexual drive is in fact not love but lust (Shikibu Murasaki 137-145 ). When the new emperor for Suzaku comes into power, Genji decides to stop seeing new women and work on maintaining the existing in order to have peace with this new emperor. However, after failing to see Fujitsubo who was with the former emperor most of the time, Genji resorts to not seeing any other woman from his garnered clique. This shows that Genji is actually not driven with love but mere admiration and lust for women. The kind of love that the author depicts is ironical. Genji at one time publicly snubbed the Rokujo lady during the Kamo festival. More so, he decides not to visit the women whom he had slept with without any explanations. This further suggests that he was a self centered man who was using women as sexual objects (Shikibu Murasaki 150-159). In chapter twelve of the book, the author depicts the kind of sufferings that Genji is facing for his actions. As a result, he decides to run to Suma coast in order to avoid the harsh circumstances facing his life. At this j uncture, Genji is facing some sort of impermanent ties in his life but he is sure about having Murasaki for a wife, despite this he still decides to exile to Summa coast. While this is going on, Genji has lust for a princess due to the beauty of her music on zither. Within a very short time, he had admired her and started pursuing her through love letters. However after all this dramatic love instances, Genji eventually faces the outcome of his immoral habits (Shikibu Murasaki 175-185). Conclusion The above scenes show the kind of relationships that Genji had with the women whom he is relating with. The book indicates that rank, position and the power that one has determined the kind of persons that one visit marries and relates with. As depicted by the author, Genji is constantly looking for bed friendships at no breaks in between the relationships with the other women he sleeps with. As the author indicates, he went through much trouble trying to hide the illegal affairs and also to appeal his peers within the court. Additionally, Genji would use several secret messengers in and out of the court, visited Yugao only in dark and also went further to adopt a child with an excuse of fathering her (Shikibu Murasaki 98-118).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As illustrated in the book, each affair is totally different from the other. In one occasion of his affairs, Genji tries to entice Utsuemi through messages and making prompt visits at odd times of the night. However, the relationship between Genji and Yugao was unstable and resulted into Yugao’s untimely death. From the above discussion it is clear that Genji wanders through life, death, and love landscapes while struggling to maintain a Teflon-like rank. Works Cited Murasaki, Shikibu. The Tale of Genji. U.S: Tuttle Publishing, 2006. Print. This essay on The Tale of Genji was written and submitted by user Mario Jenkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The Tale of Genji Introduction The Tale of Genji is an ancient Japanese writing credited to the Japanese novelist Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century. The book is sometimes referred to as the world’s first novel and its specific classification and influence in both the eastern and western cultures has been a subject of dispute. It was originally written in court Japanese but has undergone several translations to date, even undergoing a translation into modern Japanese as the original language was too complex to be comprehended by average Japanese.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of Genji specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Plot Genji narrates the life of a son of a Japanese royal leader, referred to as Hikaru Genji. Genji is demoted to a commoner status on political grounds and starts an occupation as an imperial official. The account focuses on Genji’s romantic life and illustrates the conventions of th e aristocratic society of this period, a lot is referred to in relation to Genji’s attractiveness. Genji was the second child of some ancient royal leader and a low-grade mistress, known as Lady Kiritsubo. His mother passes on when Genji is only three. Genji’s father then gets to know of a lady (Lady Fujitsubo), previously a princess of the former emperor, who bears resemblance to his dead mistress, he later marries her. Genji falls in love with his stepmother, against tradition. Genji is upset due to his illegal love to Lady Fujitsubo and is on a collision course with his wife. He also has affairs with other women and in most of these cases, his advances are met with repulsion, the woman he loves dies, or the woman is boring. Genji makes a trip to the rural area of Kyoto where he finds an attractive ten-year-old girl (Murasaki) and learns that she is a niece of Lady Fujitsubo. He abducts her, brings her to his palace, and trains her to be his wife. Genji continues to meet Lady Fujitsubo secretly and they have a son together. Everyone except the two believes the boy is the emperor’s son. The boy later becomes the prince and Fujitsubo becomes the Empress. Genji and his wife resolve their dispute and she bears a son, but he dies soon. Genji is distressed , but is comforted by Murasaki, who becomes his wife. Genji’s father passes on and his political rivals transfer power to the courts. Genji is later exiled to a nearby town (Suma) when he is found secretly meeting a mistress of his brother. While in Suma, Genji has an affair with a woman who bears him a daughter- his only daughter. The Emperor forgives Genji and he returns to Kyoto, and his son with Fujitsubo assumes the position of emperor. The new Emperor recognizes that Genji is his actual father and promotes him to the highest position possible. Genji’s life begins to collapse when he turns 40. He marries another woman and this changes his relationship with Murasaki, who no w desires to be a nun. Murasaki passes on.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the subsequent chapter, Maboroshi, Genji considers how short life is. The next chapter, Kumogakure, is left blank and symbolizes Genji’s demise. The rest of the chapters focus on Niou and Kaoru, who are close friends. Niou is a royal prince while Kaoru is identified by people as Genji’s son but the real father is Genji’s nephew. The two are fighting over several daughters of a royal prince in Uji, a far-off town. The story ends suddenly, with Kaoru wondering if Niou is hiding the woman he adores. This essay on The Tale of Genji was written and submitted by user Irvin O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been

The Role Men and Women Have Played Through-out Time Have the roles of women and men changed through out time; if the roles have changed what are the changes? Can looking at children’s picture books portray these changes? After analysis of five books found in the garage at home, there may be evidence in the books that would suggest that man’s role has maintained but the woman’s role has only somewhat changed. The way that women view their selves and the way women are view by men. The Little Engine That Could wrote by Watty Piper1930. In this book, the female dolls wore very bright, colorful and cute little dresses with either a ribbon in their hair or a hat with flowers. The male dolls wore bright relaxed looking outfits and hats. In addition, the older men wore suits. Mr. Piper also gave gender to the trains. The male trains are dark, rough and sharp looking while the female trains are very bright, soft and gentle looking. In 1973, Walt Disney produced a book about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In this book, the female wore a bright colorful dress with a ribbon in her hair the same as the female in The Little Engine That Could. The male still looked about the same, but many of them wore beards. This story shows more about the roles of male and female though. It shows the female as loving and caring as she cleans up after the males and feeds them. It also shows the female animals as loving and caring, as they seemed to get comfort from the strong males who seemed to be the protectors. The males seemed to go out during the daytime with their tools to go work while the female stayed at home. Walt Disney also produced Cinderella in 1974. In this book, the females wore bright beautiful dresses, ribbons in their long hair. The older women wore darker more subtle dresses and jewelry with a much more sophisticated look. Even though the dresses looked uncomfortable the women spent time preparing there self’s for the m... Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been Free Essays on Where Are You Going Where Have You Been The Role Men and Women Have Played Through-out Time Have the roles of women and men changed through out time; if the roles have changed what are the changes? Can looking at children’s picture books portray these changes? After analysis of five books found in the garage at home, there may be evidence in the books that would suggest that man’s role has maintained but the woman’s role has only somewhat changed. The way that women view their selves and the way women are view by men. The Little Engine That Could wrote by Watty Piper1930. In this book, the female dolls wore very bright, colorful and cute little dresses with either a ribbon in their hair or a hat with flowers. The male dolls wore bright relaxed looking outfits and hats. In addition, the older men wore suits. Mr. Piper also gave gender to the trains. The male trains are dark, rough and sharp looking while the female trains are very bright, soft and gentle looking. In 1973, Walt Disney produced a book about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In this book, the female wore a bright colorful dress with a ribbon in her hair the same as the female in The Little Engine That Could. The male still looked about the same, but many of them wore beards. This story shows more about the roles of male and female though. It shows the female as loving and caring as she cleans up after the males and feeds them. It also shows the female animals as loving and caring, as they seemed to get comfort from the strong males who seemed to be the protectors. The males seemed to go out during the daytime with their tools to go work while the female stayed at home. Walt Disney also produced Cinderella in 1974. In this book, the females wore bright beautiful dresses, ribbons in their long hair. The older women wore darker more subtle dresses and jewelry with a much more sophisticated look. Even though the dresses looked uncomfortable the women spent time preparing there self’s for the m...

About the US Civil Rights Act of 1875

About the US Civil Rights Act of 1875 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a United States federal law enacted during the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era that guaranteed African Americans equal access to public accommodations and public transportation.  The Act came less than a decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1866 had taken the nation’s first steps towards civil and social equality for black Americans after the Civil War.   The law read, in part: â€Å"†¦ all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude.† The law also prohibited the exclusion of any otherwise qualified citizen from jury duty because of their race and provided that lawsuits brought under the law must be tried in the federal courts, rather than state courts. The law was passed by the 43rd United States Congress on February 4, 1875, and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1875. Parts of the law were later ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Civil Rights Cases of 1883. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was one of the main pieces of Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress after the Civil War. Other laws enacted included the Civil Rights Act of 1866, four Reconstruction Acts enacted in 1867 and 1868, and three Reconstruction Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871. The Civil Right Act in Congress Initially intended to implement the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 traveled a long and bumpy five-year journey to final passage. The bill was first introduced in 1870 by Republican Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, widely regarded as one of the most influential civil rights advocates in Congress. In drafting the bill, Sen. Sumner was advised by John Mercer Langston, a prominent African American attorney and abolitionist who would later be named the first dean of the Howard University law department. In considering his Civil Rights Act to be the key to achieving the highest goals of Reconstruction, Sumner once stated, â€Å"Very few measures of equal importance have ever been presented.† Sadly, Sumner did not survive to see his bill voted on, dying at age 63 of a heart attack in 1874. On his deathbed, Sumner pleaded to famed African-American social reformer abolitionist, and statesman Frederick Douglass, â€Å"Don’t let the bill fail.† When first introduced in 1870, the Civil Rights Act not only banned discrimination in public accommodations, transportation, and jury duty, it also prohibited racial discrimination in schools. However, in the face of growing public opinion favoring enforced racial segregation, Republican lawmakers realized that the bill had no chance of passing unless all references to equal and integrated education were removed. Over the many long days of debate on the Civil Rights Act bill, lawmakers heard some of the most impassioned and impactful speeches ever delivered on the floor of the House of Representatives. Relating their personal experiences of discrimination, African American Republican representatives carried the debated in favor of the bill. â€Å"Every day my life and property are exposed, are left to the mercy of others and will be so long as every hotel-keeper, railroad conductor, and steamboat captain can refuse me with impunity,† said Rep. James Rapier of Alabama, adding famously, â€Å"After all, this question resolves itself into this: either I am a man or I am not a man.† After nearly five years of debate, amendment, and compromise the Civil Rights Act of 1875 won final approval, passing in the House be a vote of 162 to 99. Supreme Court Challenge Considering slavery and racial segregation to be different issues, many white citizens in the Northern and the Southern states challenged Reconstruction laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1875, claiming they unconstitutionally infringed of their personal freedom of choice. In an 8-1 decision issued on October 15, 1883, the Supreme Court declared key sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional. As part of its decision in the combined Civil Rights Cases, the Court held that while the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited racial discrimination by the state and local governments, it did not grant the federal government the power to prohibit private individuals and organizations from discriminating on the basis of race. In addition, the Court held that the Thirteenth Amendment had been intended only to ban slavery and did not prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations. After the Supreme Court’s ruling, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 would be the last federal civil rights law enacted until ​the  passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 during the early stages of the modern Civil Rights Movement. Legacy of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Stripped of all protections against discrimination and segregation in education, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 had little practical impact on racial equality during the eight years it was in force before being struck down by the Supreme Court.   Ã‚   Despite the law’s lack of immediate impact, many provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 were eventually adopted by Congress during the civil rights movement as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (the Fair Housing Act). Enacted as part of the Great Society social reform program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 permanently outlawed segregated public schools in America.

Taking shareholder rights seriously. ( Australia Enterprise Law) Research Paper

Taking shareholder rights seriously. ( Australia Enterprise Law) - Research Paper Example The Australian government, judiciary and executive authorities have contributed significantly to rectify the situation earlier prevailed, to ensure protection of the interests the minority shareholders over the period of time. The paper seeks to study the gaps at the legislation as well as implementation level in transforming these policy decisions to the fulfillment of the objectives desired or intended in line with the spirit behind the process, taking into consideration, the complications involved in social background and the interpretations. The issues connected with the shareholders are multifarious and are interconnected or interrelated to various stakeholders’ interest in a business, and hence it becomes too difficult to enumerate the various situations which could be foreseen at the time of legislation or practicable to include in statutes, which warrants interpretations in the court of law for equitable justice to the parties concerned. Direct involvement of all the members of a company in a complicated business enterprise is not feasible in modern times. Therefore the directors of the corporations are expected to exercise their powers taking into account the interests of all the stakeholders and the other stakeholders. In Sidebottom v Kershaw, Leese & Co., the majority shareholders who were also the directors, passed a special resolution to alter the articles by allowing the directors to require the transfer at full value of shares held by an shareholder who competed with the company’s business. Minority shareholders who ran a business that competed with the company sought a declaration that the amendment was invalid. The court held that the alteration satisfied the Allen’s test in that it was taken for the company’s legitimate business interests and not for the interests of specific members.1 However in various other decisions, the treatment has differed based on the circumstances obtained in the cases. Foss v Harbottle rule is a famous

The Parable of the Good Samaritan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Parable of the Good Samaritan - Essay Example The man of law asks for an interpretation of the law. What is said by Jesus is told in the form of a story, which is known as the Parable of the Good Samaritan. The parable is not an explicit answer, but is an answer that provides the story in such a manner as to provoke thought and further conversation. This story is an essential form of teaching where the teacher poses the situation and the student draws from it the lesson. The story that Jesus tells is that of a man who is robbed and those who see his plight and their reactions. The first is a priest who walks to the other side of the road in order to avoid him. The second is a Levite who also walked to the opposite side of the road to stay uninvolved. The third is a Samaritan who provides the man with help. The Samaritan goes beyond simple help, giving him a ride to a village and asking an innkeeper to look after the robbed man until he is in health. During the process of providing health, the Samaritan bandaged his wounds, used oil and wine on him to help heal him, and let him ride on his donkey. He offers to pay the innkeeper for his service and any extra service that the robbed man may need. The question that Jesus, as the Great Teacher, poses to those hearing him is â€Å"Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?† (Luke:36). The lesson is taught through an example, but without providing the answer to those he is teaching. He expects that through His example, they will find the answer of their own accord. The location of the parable is identified by Hughes and Laney (2001) as the Jordan Valley which is a bit north of the Dead Sea. This route which runs through Wadi Qilt is filled with rocks and rugged terrain where robbers could ambush travelers. There is no specific time given for this story, and it is just as likely that it is a story of example rather than a related story from history. The location makes it likely that the three traveler s who passed by the robbed man might be there, but allows for the significance of the Samaritan to shine through. The location is significant as it is a man traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho, which indicates that he is traveling from morality into lands of less. Hultgren (2004) relates the belief of Augustine who suggested that this descent represented man’s descent from what was holy and immortal to that which was not and was decidedly mortal. The road is a literal descent as it starts at Jerusalem which is at 2700 feet above sea level but ends at Jericho which resides at 850 feet below sea level. Interpretation Chapter ten of Luke begins by describing a mission that is given to seventy-two of Jesus’ followers. He sends them out to gather more believers through their various acts in His name. He expects an exchange from those the followers encounter. If they are welcomed, then they give the gifts that He has given them the power to give, but if they are rejected the y are to make clear that they have rejected men of God who are on His mission. He says to them â€Å"Whoever listens to you listens to me; whoever rejects you rejects me; but whoever rejects me rejects him who sent me† (Luke 10:16). In this case, when he gets to relating the parable, it can be said that he is relating the robbed man to his followers and those who accept them as neighbors as they are then given remedies

Introduction Of Vodafone Company

Introduction Of Vodafone Company Vodafone Company has a long way since them making the first ever mobile call on 1 January 1985. Today Company operating with more than 371 million customers around the world. A small mobile operator in Newbury has grown as a global business and the seventh most valuable brand in the world. Now run its operation in more than 30 countries and partner with networks in over 40 more. C:UsersuserDesktop7.jpg In this connected world, its no longer just about being able to talk and text. Vodafone network allows people to share their images and videos as soon as theyre captured. In 1991 Vodafone company made worlds first international mobile roaming call, and very recently introduced Vodafone Money Transfer which allows emerging market customers to send and receive money safely and easily using their mobile phone. 1.0.1-Mission We will be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world 1.0.2-Vision Unleash the power of Vodafone to transform societies and enable sustainable living for all 1.1-Introduction of Lanka Bell Lanka Bell is a world class Telecommunication operator that provides best quality service to businesses and its residential customers. Lanka Bell was started in 1997 within an investment of over US $ 150 million. C:UsersuserDesktopla.jpg 1.1.1-Vision Be Sri Lankas premier Next generation communication Information Solution Provider 1.1.2-Mission To provide innovative next generation technological solution by identifying and meeting customers need better than any other industry player, while maximizing the growth of our business for the benefit of our stake holders Organization structure of Vodafone Company Group CEO Chief of staffs Internal Communication Board of Directors Europe Group External Affairs Group Legal Group HR Group Finance Group Techno-logy Group Comm-ercial Strategy Business Develop-ment Africa, Middle East Asia Pacific A Departm-ent for each Country A Departm-ent for each Country Structure of Vodafone Company Matrix structure is a type of management system that workers report more than one person, effectively having more than one supervisor at the same time. As the structure of Vodafone Company they follow matrix structure. Read more: How to Define Matrix Structure | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_4423113_define-matrix-structure.html#ixzz25WQ3YFvr Some features of Matrix Structure This structure allows focusing on their areas of expertise for the supervisors. And functional supervisors could focus on hiring, training and managing employees in their field and project supervisors can focus on achieve the goals of specific projects or products. Allows employees from different departments to come together temporarily to work on special project team. Provides flexibility to respond quickly to a customer need by creating a team of people who devote all of their time to a project then return to their departments or join a new project team. Culture As a Vodafone Company they following Task culture, task culture works as selecting a team to complete a particular task. This is one of the effective ways in todays modern business world to complete a task to date. There are benefits: They can make decisions within team members They feel valued because they selected within the team They have full responsibility to bring the task successful end Team members feel motivated because they are empowered to make decisions. http://www.learnmanagement2.com/culture.htm Organization structure of Lanka Bell Board of Directors Managing Director Other Staffs Laborers Senior Staffs General Manager-Information Technology Deputy General Manager-Credit control General Manager- Enterprise International Business General Manager- Technical Operations General Manager-Admin Logistics General Manager- Legal Structure of Lanka Bell Assumption Its an assumption that Lanka Bell is using Functional structure. Lanka Bell structure is based on Functional structure. This is one of the most common structures using within the company, this structure consists of units and departmental groups identified by specialty. Such as engineering, marketing, finance, sales and human resources that are controlled by the top level of management. Some advantages of Functional structure Specialization- each department focuses on its own work Accountability- someone is responsible for the section Clarity- know your and others roles Easy to focus on single product or service Creates teamwork Creates a career ladder Read more: The Functional Structure of an Organization | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6134117_functional-structure-organization.html#ixzz25cK37j32 Culture Lanka Bell culture is based on power culture. In power culture is influenced by key people. In this type of culture all the decisions are made by key people in the organization. Hence, manger is the person who will take the decisions. To adopt this culture its important all the employees need to make good relation with each other. In another hand mangers and senior management never consult form employees while taking decisions. This end up most that employees get de-motivated because, of not consulting. Relationship between an organizations structure and culture can have on their performance of Vodafone Lanka Bell. Organizational culture and structure have a dependent relationship with one another. And these are one of the most important elements that need to successfully run the organization. Organizational structure is the way in which arranges management of the company and power lines. As based on Vodafone and Lanka Bells structure and culture, it has difference between two companies. Vodafone uses Matrix structure and task culture, and Lanka Bell uses Functional structure and power culture. Strength of structure and culture of Vodafone Company Maximizes co-operation and communication among team members. Freedom and autonomy to take responsibility for their work activities. Having opportunity to achieve companys goals as a team. Strength of structure and culture of Lanka Bell Company Each and every staff has specific task to complete Every staffs are specialize for their role It will be easy to take decision http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-organizational-structure-and-organizational-culture.htm How organization theory underpins the practice of management Organizational theory used in many aspects of a working business. In every organization, many staffs they believe the theory help them become better on their jobs and more successful in their life. Although this may lead them having to sacrifice some of their main beliefs in order to succeed. One example of organizational theory in the financial sector would be an employee or manager who wants to know how to achieve goals by having a set structure to follow. In addition someone in a human resources sector will have to make decisions throughout their working day that will definitely change the structure and practice of a working day for all other staff in the company. http://management.blurtit.com/q7346416.html Different approaches to management used by the Vodafone and Lanka Bell. Human Relations Approach. Human relation approach has been followed by both companies. Lanka Bell and Vodafone. Professor Elton Mayos (1880-1949) research, human interaction or group relationships effects the productivity and it increase the motivation of the employees. So as far as this approach concerns Vodafone allows more human interaction as they practice little bit of team approach within the company, also their department have coordination. However, Lanka Bell human interact is limit to some extent as they have divided into separate division. Each division will work separately to achieve its target, more often divisions may deviate from the organizational goals as they work as separate divisions. System Approach Section:2 Different Leadership styles in Vodafone and lanka bell Assumption Its an assumption that Vodafone is using democratic leadership and Lanka Bell is used in Autocratic leadership style. Democratic Leadership According to Vodafone Companys information it shows that the company is following democratic leadership style. In democratic leadership style manager will never take a decision without consulting to subordinates. This means that employees get a chance to express their ideas to the management level. Democratic leader ship also helps employees to share their ideas among the team. While team member will feel good in the working environment, as they will also looking benefits this leader ship style also can lead for better ideas and knowledge. Leads to higher productivity among group members. Autocratic leadership style The leadership style used in Lanka Bell is Autocratic and this not a modern style. As autocratic style manager retains more power as well as decision making authority. In this style staffs they do not have their role in decision making and they are not allowed to give input. So this style is not good for work as a team. And this is one of the best leadership style that can use in situation where control is necessary. Section:2 Significant technological breakthrough has taken place last week that affects both Vodafone and Lanka Bell and also the industry as a whole. Discuss the impact that different leadership style may have on motivation of employees of Vodafone and Lanka Bell in this circumstance. This is an assumption that 3D mobile phone has been introduced. Last week apple has been introduced Glasses-free 3D I phone to the market. And this is the first 3D mobile phone that could use without glasses. So many of the mobile service provider in the world are planning to upgrade their network for the new technology, includes Vodafone and Lanka Bell. Vodafone Company As the Vodafone Company they are using democratic leadership, so their staffs are having wide participation in decision making and it is not a difficult for the management of Vodafone to get new idea from the staffs. As a result of democratic leadership style: It increase staffs motivation and commitment to the decision made It helps employees strengthen their professional development by participating in dialogues. And also it helps to improve job satisfaction. By having group discussions which can offer useful ideas. And management put trust in employees and they encourage them to make decisions. So it will be easy to motivate staffs through democratic style. http://www.skills2lead.com/democratic-leadership-style.html Lanka Bell Company As the Lanka Bell Company, they are using autocratic leadership style. So its not easy to motivate their staffs as compare the democratic style. Because Company decisions are taking by management level and there are no involvements of company staffs. In autocratic leadership style: In autocratic leadership, staffs participation is limited in most aspects of work. And also they have no particular responsibilities so it will be difficult to motivate Lanka Bell staffs in breakthroughs like this. Staffs that working middle management and lower management should follow the decisions taking by manager or Ceo. One of the main features of autocratic style is Managers or senior staffs do not trust staffs, and simply they give orders that they expected to be obey. So staffs feel that they do not have independent working environment. Because of this management faces difficulties to motivate the staffs. Section-3 Apply different motivational theories within the workplace of Lanka Bell and compare them Maslows Hierarchy of Needs As Maslows theory every human must need five basic needs, it include; physiological needs, safety need, love or social needs, esteem needs and self- actualization. If Maslows theory applies in Lanka Bells lower level workers could be motivated by having them their basic needs such as; salary. If the company offers good salary workers would show their maximum. And also its very important to provide security like insurance and retirement benefits. To motivate workers there are some other factors that can affect social needs, status needs and self-fulfillment needs. Frederick Herzbergs Two factors theory Frederick Herzbergs theory is depends on main two factors, that is Motivational factors (need for personal growth) and Hygiene factors (need to avoid unpleasantness). As Lanka Bell they have applied motivational factors as that their employees by having challenging tasks and by recognizing staffs achievements. And also by having good salary and providing very well working environment. Comparison of two theories As Maslows theory it is based on the hierarchy of human needs and identified five (physiological needs, safety need, love or social needs, esteem needs and self- actualization) priority basis and their satisfaction in motivating employees. But according to Hertzberg theory he refers hygiene and motivating factors in his theory. Hygiene factors are dissatisfiers while motivating factors motivate subordinates. And it is not included hierarchical arrangements. Motivation theory for managers of Lanka Bell, and evaluate it usefulness in carrying out their job responsibilities effectively After the research did for identify the best motivation theory for the Managers of Lanka Bell Company, it shows one of the best and effective theory for every one (workers and Managers) is Frederick Herzbergs two factor theory. It includes; Hygiene factors Motivators Hygiene factors As the workers, there are some factors that should be fulfilled for the managers better than subordinates. Such as salary, job security and working conditions. By offering good salary and other benefits to the managers they would motivate employees to work hard and they would feel they are one of the most important assets of the Company. Motivators As Herzberg theory there are important factors (motivating factors) act as forces of job satisfaction. With these factors it makes managers and staffs happy with their jobs because they serve mans basic needs for psychological growth. In Herzberg theory these factors are five and are called motivators. Motivating factors are Achievement Recognition for Accomplishment Increased Responsibility Opportunity for growth and Development Creative and Challenging work

Case Solution

Problems Q. 1 Consider a five-year coupon bond with a face value of $1000 paying an annual coupon of 15%. (i) If the current market yield is 8%, what is the bond’s price? (ii) If the current market yield increases by 1% what is the bond’s new price? (iii) Using your answers to part (i) and (ii) , what is percentage change in the bond’s price as a result of 1% increase in interest rates. Q. 2 Consider the following FI balance sheet: M. Match Ltd Assets| Liabilities| –year Treasury bond $175,000| 1-year CD$135,000| 15-year corporate bond$165,000| 5-year deposit$160,000| Notes: All securities are selling at par (equal to book value). The two-year Treasury bonds yield 5%; the 15-year corporate bonds yield 9%; the one-year CD issue pays 4. 5% and the five-year deposit pays 8%. Assume that all instruments have annual coupon payments. (a) What is the value of M. Match Ltd’s equity? (b) What is the weighted average maturity of FI’s assets? (c) What i s the weighted average maturity of FI’s liabilities? d) What is the FI’s maturity gap? (e) What does your answer to part (d) imply about the interest rate risk exposure of M. Match Ltd? (f) Calculate the values of all four securities on M. Match Ltd’s balance sheet if all interest rates increase by 2%. (g) What is the impact on the equity of M. Match Ltd? Calculate the percentage change in the value of equity. (h) What would be the impact on M. Match Ltd’s risk exposure if its liabilities paid semi-annually as opposed to annually? Q. An insurance company issues a $100,000 one-year bond paying 7% annually in order to finance the acquisition of a $100,000 one-year corporate loan paying 9 % semi-annually. (a) What is the insurance company’s maturity gap? What does the maturity model state about interest rate risk exposure given the insurance company’s maturity gap? (b) Immediately after the insurance company makes these investments, all interes t rates increase by 3%. What is the impact on the asset cash flows? What is the impact on the liability cash flows?